The 11 Best Retinol Creams of 2026: Ranked by Skin Type, Concentration, and Real Results#

Key Takeaway

The best retinol cream for most people is the CeraVe Resurfacing Retinol Serum ($21.99). Encapsulated retinol plus ceramides and niacinamide delivers measurable anti-aging results while actively repairing the skin barrier - making it safe and effective for beginners, sensitive skin, and acne-prone types. For maximum potency, Paula's Choice CLINICAL 1% Retinol Treatment ($65.00) delivers the highest OTC retinol concentration with peptides and vitamin C in an airless pump that prevents oxidation.

Retinol is the most evidence-backed ingredient in consumer skincare. Decades of controlled clinical research confirm it stimulates collagen production, accelerates skin cell turnover, fades hyperpigmentation, and meaningfully reduces fine lines and deep wrinkles with consistent use ^[2]. The challenge isn't whether retinol works - it's finding the right product for your skin type, tolerance level, and anti-aging goals without triggering the dreaded retinization period of peeling, redness, and sensitivity that drives so many people to abandon the ingredient entirely.

We evaluated 11 retinol products across five criteria: retinol concentration and delivery system, complementary ingredient quality, packaging (critical for shelf stability), skin compatibility, and value per ounce. Our selections span from the $21.99 CeraVe Resurfacing Retinol Serum for first-time retinol users all the way to the $135.00 Obagi Medical Retinol + PHA Refining Night Cream for those seeking clinical-grade overnight treatment. Whatever your experience level or budget, there is a tested, proven option in this list.

Before diving in: all retinol products increase photosensitivity. Regardless of which product you choose, applying a broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen every morning is non-negotiable. Most users see measurable improvement in fine lines within 12 weeks of consistent use; deeper wrinkles and significant texture improvement typically require six or more months ^[5]. Patience and consistency outperform concentration every time.

Best Retinol Creams 2026 - At a Glance

Product	Price	Best For	Key Feature
CeraVe Resurfacing Retinol Serum	$21.99	Best Overall / Sensitive Skin	Encapsulated retinol + ceramides
Neutrogena Rapid Wrinkle Repair Retinol Face Moisturizer	$37.39	Best Daily Moisturizer	Accelerated retinol SA + hyaluronic acid
Sunday Riley A+ High-Dose Retinoid Serum	$50.00	Best Luxury / Most Potent Blend	6.5% retinoid blend + CoQ10
La Roche-Posay Redermic R Anti Aging Retinol Cream	$54.99	Best for Rosacea-Prone Skin	Pure retinol + thermal spring water base
Olay Regenerist Retinol 24 Night Cream 2-pack	$55.00	Best Drugstore Bulk Value	Retinol + niacinamide + Vitamin B3
Differin Adapalene Gel 0.1% (2-pack, 180-day supply)	$58.99	Best for Acne + Anti-Aging	Adapalene (OTC prescription-strength retinoid)
RoC Retinol Correxion Max Hydration Cream 2-pack	$59.99	Best Hydrating Retinol Formula	Retinol + hyaluronic acid + 48hr glycerin
Peter Thomas Roth Retinol Fusion PM Night Serum	$65.00	Best Serum with Antioxidants	1.5% microencapsulated retinol + vitamins C & E
Paula's Choice CLINICAL 1% Retinol Treatment	$65.00	Best High-Concentration OTC	1% retinol + peptides + vitamin C, airless pump
Drunk Elephant A-Passioni Retinol Cream	$76.00	Best Clean Beauty Retinol	1% vegan retinol + triple-peptide blend
Obagi Medical Retinol + PHA Refining Night Cream	$135.00	Best Clinical-Grade Formula	Retinol + PHA dual-action overnight treatment

Best Overall

CeraVe Resurfacing Retinol Serum#

Best for: Retinol beginners, sensitive skin types, anyone who previously experienced irritation from retinol, and acne-prone individuals wanting anti-aging benefits alongside blemish mark reduction.

🥇Editor's ChoiceRetinol beginners, sensitive skin types, anyone who previously experienced irritation from retinol, and acne-prone individuals wanting anti-aging benefits alongside blemish mark reduction.

CeraVe Resurfacing Retinol Serum For Post Acne Marks, Formulated With Licorice Root Extract & Niacinamide, Brightening Serum & Pore Minimizer For Face, Post Acne Skin Barrier Repair, Non-Comedogenic

$21.99

[ POST ACNE RETINOL SERUM FOR FACE ] With encapsulated retinol, this facial serum helps skin look smoother and more even-toned. Pore minimizer helps refine skin’s texture & helps visibly reduce the appearance of post-acne marks and blemishes.
[ SKIN BARRIER REPAIR ] This retinol face serum smooths skin texture, reduces acne marks, and brightens skin. Reducing the look of post inflammatory hyperpigmentation while repairing the skin's barrier.
[ BRIGHTENING SERUM ] Formulated with licorice root extract helps to brighten the appearance of skin and niacinamide helps to calm skin. Fragrance free, paraben-free, and non-comedogenic. Pore reducer for face.

✓ In Stock

Strengths

+Encapsulated retinol releases gradually, making it far less irritating than pure retinol formulas
+Three essential ceramides reinforce the lipid barrier while retinol drives cell turnover
+Niacinamide calms inflammation and brightens uneven tone simultaneously
+Licorice root extract adds targeted hyperpigmentation control
+Non-comedogenic and fragrance-free - safe for acne-prone and reactive skin
+Best-in-class value at $21.99

Limitations

−Lower effective retinol concentration may not satisfy experienced users seeking aggressive anti-aging results
−Marketed primarily as a post-acne serum - anti-aging packaging undersells its actual capabilities

What separates the CeraVe Resurfacing Retinol Serum from other budget retinol options isn't just the ceramides - it's the coherent philosophy behind the formula. Most inexpensive retinol products add retinol to a basic moisturizer base and hope for the best. CeraVe designed this formula around the reality that retinol accelerates cell turnover in a way that temporarily compromises the skin barrier, then provided barrier-repairing ceramides in the same product to counteract that exact effect ^[3]. The result is a self-buffering retinol serum that works better precisely because it anticipates and resolves its own side effects.

Best Daily Moisturizer

Neutrogena Rapid Wrinkle Repair Retinol Face Moisturizer#

🥈Runner UpBest Daily Moisturizer

Neutrogena Rapid Wrinkle Repair Retinol Face Moisturizer, Daily Anti-Aging Face Cream with Retinol & Hyaluronic Acid to Fight Fine Lines, Wrinkles, & Dark Spots, 1.7 oz

$37.39

One, 1.7 oz jar of Neutrogena Retinol Regenerating Cream, an anti-wrinkle face cream with hyaluronic acid, helps hydrate and improve the look of fine lines and wrinkles
Reverse 7 years of visible skin aging with 1 jar based on appearance of under-eye, cheek and crow’s feet wrinkles. The anti-aging face cream formula contains hyaluronic acid, which adds plumping moisture to hydrate and rejuvenate skin's appearance
This facial moisturizer with an accelerated retinol complex visibly renews the look of skin texture, evens tone, and smooths look of fine lines. Suitable for daily use, this face lotion is formulated without parabens, mineral oil, & dyes

✓ In Stock

Neutrogena's Rapid Wrinkle Repair Retinol Face Moisturizer is one of the most widely used retinol products in the world, and for good reason. The "accelerated retinol SA" formulation - combining retinol with stabilized retinol SA - is engineered for faster visible cell turnover than standard retinol at equivalent concentrations. The addition of hyaluronic acid is genuinely additive here: it provides the moisture cushion that retinol-only formulas often lack, reducing the net dryness most users experience during the first four to six weeks of retinol use ^[3]. The claim of reversing seven years of visible skin aging with one jar is bold marketing, but the underlying clinical data supporting accelerated retinol SA's efficacy is sound.

The primary concern is the open jar. Retinol is photodegradable and oxidizes with repeated air exposure - every time you open the jar and introduce a finger, you accelerate this process. Users who finish a 1.7 oz jar within six to eight weeks lose relatively little active ingredient to degradation. Slower users should store the jar in a cool, dark location and work from the container quickly. For those willing to manage this trade-off, the Rapid Wrinkle Repair delivers genuine retinol results in a format normal-to-dry skin types will find comfortable year-round.

Best High-Concentration Formula

Paula's Choice CLINICAL 1% Retinol Treatment#

Best for: Experienced retinol users with 12+ months of established tolerance seeking maximum anti-aging efficacy for deep wrinkles, pronounced fine lines, significant texture concerns, and visible skin aging.

Strengths

+Maximum 1% retinol - the highest concentration available without a prescription
+Airless pump packaging completely prevents oxidation and extends shelf life
+Peptides and vitamin C provide complementary firming and brightening in the same step
+Licorice extract addresses dark spots and uneven pigmentation
+Fragrance-free - one fewer irritant in an already active formula
+Full ingredient disclosure and evidence-based formulation philosophy

Limitations

−1% concentration will cause irritation and peeling in anyone without established retinol tolerance
−$65.00 for 1 oz is a significant ongoing cost
−Requires slow introduction - cannot be used nightly from the start without risk of sensitization

Editor’s Note

The Retinol Sandwich: Cut Irritation on Day One

Apply a plain fragrance-free moisturizer first, let it absorb for 5 minutes, apply your retinol, then apply another thin layer of moisturizer on top. This sandwich method buffers retinol absorption, slowing the release rate and significantly reducing initial irritation - especially useful for anyone starting with concentrations above 0.3% or anyone who has previously experienced flaking and redness with retinol.

Best for Sensitive & Rosacea-Prone Skin

La Roche-Posay Redermic R Anti Aging Retinol Cream#

La Roche-Posay Redermic R Anti Aging Retinol Cream, Reduces Wrinkles, Fine Lines, and Age Spots with Pure Retinol Face Cream

Best for Rosacea-Prone Skin

$54.99

Redermic R is an anti-aging formula that visibly reduces upper lip, forehead and crow's feet wrinkles*.
Recommended for use at night. If applied in the morning, apply a sunscreen after.
Formulated with: pure Retinol to help visibly reduces wrinkles. Exclusive Retinol Booster Complex to enhances Retinol efficacy while reducing skin discomfort commonly associated with Retinols

✓ In Stock

La Roche-Posay has been a dermatologist-recommended brand for over 30 years, and the Redermic R Anti Aging Retinol Cream reflects that clinical heritage directly. The formula delivers pure retinol in La Roche-Posay's signature thermal spring water base, which is naturally rich in selenium - an antioxidant mineral that helps neutralize the free radical activity that retinol generates during accelerated cell turnover ^[4]. This is a meaningful biochemical distinction that helps explain why Redermic R produces less surface irritation than other pure retinol formulas at equivalent concentrations.

For users with rosacea or chronic skin reactivity, the choice between La Roche-Posay Redermic R and CeraVe Resurfacing Retinol Serum comes down to goals and tolerance history. CeraVe's encapsulated retinol is gentler by design but operates at lower effective active concentrations. Redermic R delivers pure retinol at a higher effective dose while still being meaningfully gentler than most pure retinol competitors. If you've struggled with other pure retinol products due to irritation but want pure retinol's anti-aging ceiling, Redermic R is the most defensible step up available.

Best Clean Beauty Option

Drunk Elephant A-Passioni Retinol Cream#

Drunk Elephant A-Passioni Retinol Cream - 30 ml/1 fl oz - 1% Retinol Serum - Clean Clinical Skincare - Cruelty-Free - Dermatologist-Tested - Free of Essential Oils, Silicones, and Fragrance

Best Clean Beauty Retinol

$76.00

WHAT IT IS: Retinol reimagined. A-Passioni Retinol Cream is a cutting-edge formula that combines 1.0% vegan retinol with nourishing, superfood-rich ingredients to dramatically diminish the appearance of fine lines, deep wrinkles, and sun damage.
WHAT ELSE TO KNOW: A-Passioni helps restore bounce, resilience, and clarity to skin while helping to even tone and texture without redness and irritation. It’s like a reboot of your skin back to its healthiest, most youthful state. Q
KEY INGREDIENTS: 1.0% Retinol improves the look and feel of uneven skin tone and texture while warding off damage. Vitamin F fatty acids improve suppleness and calm skin. The Triple-Peptide Blend helps visibly firm and strengthen.

✓ In Stock

Drunk Elephant built its entire brand identity on the 'suspicious six' philosophy - eliminating essential oils, drying alcohols, silicones, chemical sunscreens, fragrances, and SLS from all formulas. The A-Passioni Retinol Cream applies that philosophy rigorously to a maximum-concentration retinol formula, backed by a triple-peptide blend and passionfruit seed oil's vitamin F fatty acids for structural skin support. Notably, even at 1% retinol, A-Passioni tends to produce less net irritation than other 1% products - attributed to the nourishing lipid base that cushions retinol's accelerated turnover activity. The cruelty-free sourcing of the retinol itself is a genuine brand differentiator for ingredient-conscious buyers who've historically had to choose between clean credentials and actual potency.

Best Luxury Retinoid

Sunday Riley A+ High-Dose Retinoid Serum#

Sunday Riley A+ High-Dose Retinoid Serum 0.5oz

Best Luxury / Most Potent Retinoid Blend

$50.00

A+ High-Dose Retinoid Serum is an advanced-strength retinoid serum that delivers a 6.5% solution of stabilized retinoid blends and botanical, retinol-alternative extracts into the skin

✓ In Stock

The Sunday Riley A+ High-Dose Retinoid Serum at $50.00 for just 0.5oz is the most concentrated and innovatively formulated entry in this roundup. The 6.5% retinoid blend warrants a careful reading: it combines multiple retinoid forms - including traditional retinol, retinol ester derivatives for extended release, and blue-green algae extract for botanical retinoid-receptor activity - with CoQ10, a cellular energy molecule that declines measurably with age, and stabilized vitamin C ester for collagen synthesis support ^[1]. The result is a multi-pathway anti-aging serum rather than a single-mechanism retinol product.

Best OTC Retinoid for Acne and Anti-Aging: Differin Adapalene Gel 0.1%#

Differin Adapalene Gel 0.1% Acne Treatment, 45 gram, 180-day supply, 1.6 Ounce (Pack of 2)

Best for Acne + Anti-Aging

$58.99

Clear and prevent acne with an Rx-strength retinoid
Fights the main causes of acne by regulating skin cell turnover and reducing inflammation deep in the skin to clear and prevent pimples, blackheads and clogged pores
Differin Gel can reduce up to 87% of acne in just 12 weeks (Cunliffe et al 1998, Galderma Laboratories)

✓ In Stock

Editor’s Note

Adapalene vs. Retinol: Why Differin Earns a Separate Category

Adapalene (Differin) is a synthetic retinoid, not retinol. It binds directly to retinoid receptors in skin cells with higher selectivity than retinol, meaning it requires no conversion steps before becoming biologically active - unlike retinol, which must convert through retinaldehyde to retinoic acid in two enzymatic steps. Adapalene's receptor selectivity means it's often more effective at driving cell turnover at lower concentrations and causes less general surface irritation. It was prescription-only until 2016 and remains the only true OTC prescription-strength retinoid available in the United States.

More Excellent Retinol Products Worth Considering#

Beyond our top-reviewed picks, several additional retinol products in this roundup stand out for specific users. The Peter Thomas Roth Retinol Fusion PM Night Serum at $65.00 combines 1.5% microencapsulated retinol with vitamins C and E in a hydrating serum that bridges the gap between drugstore performance and luxury pricing. The microencapsulation system controls release rate while maintaining a meaningfully high 1.5% stated concentration - making it an excellent step for users who've outgrown CeraVe or Neutrogena but aren't yet ready to commit to 1%+ pure retinol. The addition of vitamins C and E provides antioxidant coverage that enhances retinol's collagen-building mechanism rather than duplicating it.

The RoC Retinol Correxion Line Smoothing Max Hydration Cream ($59.99 for a two-pack totaling 5.1 oz) is the strongest bulk-value option in the entire category. RoC's 30+ years of dedicated retinol research shows in the Max Hydration formula - glycerin and hyaluronic acid deliver clinically verified 48-hour hydration while retinol drives structural collagen and cell turnover at the dermal level. The two-pack format dramatically lowers cost-per-ounce compared to single purchases, making this the obvious long-term maintenance choice for retinol veterans who've found their formula and want to stock up intelligently.

The Olay Regenerist Retinol 24 Night Cream ($55.00 for two 1.7 oz jars totaling 3.4 oz) pairs retinol with Olay's proprietary niacinamide and Vitamin B3 complex in a fragrance- and dye-free formula that absorbs quickly without heaviness. The two-jar format brings the per-unit cost down significantly from single-unit pricing, and Olay's consistent appearance at the top of consumer satisfaction surveys reflects real product quality. It's an excellent maintenance retinol for those already comfortable in the Olay ecosystem.

For those with combined acne and anti-aging concerns who want clinical positioning, the Obagi Medical Retinol + PHA Refining Night Cream at $135.00 offers something genuinely differentiated. Obagi's dual-action formula combines retinol with polyhydroxy acid (PHA) - a gentler second-generation hydroxy acid that exfoliates the surface while retinol drives deeper cell turnover, providing complementary resurfacing effects without the conflict of layering separate acids. Obagi's medical dermatology heritage and the premium price point signal this is a last-resort product for those who have not achieved sufficient results from more accessible options.

What to Look For in a Retinol Cream#

With hundreds of retinol products on the market, understanding what actually matters in a formula cuts through the considerable marketing noise. These are the factors dermatologists and formulators consider essential when evaluating retinol products - and the criteria that most directly predict real-world results ^[5].

Retinol Concentration - 0.025%–0.1% for beginners, 0.3%–0.5% for intermediate users, 1%+ for experienced users with established tolerance. Always start lower than you think you need.
Delivery System - Encapsulated retinol releases gradually (less irritating, slightly lower peak potency). Pure retinol is more direct but causes more initial irritation. Neither is superior; match to your skin's tolerance history.
Packaging Quality - Airless pumps and opaque tubes are significantly better than open jars for preventing retinol oxidation. A jar loses potency with every air exposure, especially in warm or bright environments.
Skin Type Compatibility - Cream textures for dry to normal skin. Lightweight serums for combination skin. Gel or gel-serum for oily and acne-prone skin. Gel-only (like Differin) for acne-dominant concerns.
Supporting Ingredients - Ceramides, niacinamide, and hyaluronic acid reduce irritation and reinforce barrier function. Peptides and vitamin C add complementary anti-aging pathways. Fragrance adds zero benefit and increases irritation risk.
Fragrance-Free Formulation - Fragrance (natural or synthetic) is the leading cause of cosmetic skin reactions and meaningfully amplifies the irritation potential of an already-active retinol ingredient. Avoid it in retinol products specifically.
Clinical or Dermatological Testing Evidence - Products tested in controlled clinical settings on identifiable outcomes (wrinkle depth, texture scores, elasticity measurements) produce more predictable results than consumer testing alone.
Clean Beauty Certification - Relevant if you avoid specific ingredient classes. Note that 'clean' does not automatically mean 'gentler' - Drunk Elephant A-Passioni is clean and 1% retinol simultaneously.

Editor’s Note

Retinol Is Contraindicated During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

All retinol and retinoid products - regardless of concentration or OTC status - are contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Vitamin A derivatives at systemic levels pose documented risks to fetal development. If you are pregnant, trying to conceive, or breastfeeding, discontinue retinol immediately and consider bakuchiol (a plant-derived retinol alternative with similar receptor activity and a strong clinical evidence base) as a safe pregnancy-compatible substitute. Consult your OB-GYN before resuming any retinoid product.

Editor’s Note

The 8-Week Ramp-Up Protocol for Starting Retinol

Weeks 1–2: Apply retinol once per week only. Weeks 3–4: Increase to twice weekly if no significant irritation. Weeks 5–6: Every other night. Weeks 7–8: Every other night to nightly, based on your skin's response. After 8 weeks of minimal irritation, nightly application is sustainable for most skin types. Always skip retinol on nights you've used AHAs or BHAs - layering accelerated exfoliants significantly increases barrier disruption risk.

Frequently Asked Questions About Retinol Creams#

Frequently Asked Questions

What percentage of retinol should a beginner start with?

Beginners should start with 0.025%–0.1% retinol applied 2–3 nights per week. This concentration range is sufficient to trigger measurable cell turnover and collagen stimulation while keeping irritation manageable during the acclimation phase. Products like CeraVe Resurfacing Retinol Serum and La Roche-Posay Redermic R are designed for exactly this entry window. After 8–12 weeks of consistent use with minimal irritation, you can consider stepping up to 0.3%–0.5%. Most users achieve excellent long-term anti-aging results without ever needing to exceed 0.5%.

Can I use retinol every night, or should I limit how often I apply it?

Nightly use is the eventual goal, not the starting point. Retinol should be introduced at once per week for the first two weeks, twice per week for weeks three and four, every other night for weeks five through eight, and nightly only after skin has fully calibrated with minimal irritation - typically after two to three months. Even experienced users should skip retinol on nights when they've applied chemical exfoliants like AHAs or BHAs. Skin that has been using retinol consistently for 12+ months at 0.5%+ can generally handle nightly use without significant disruption.

Should retinol be applied in the morning or at night?

Always at night. Retinol is photodegradable - UV exposure deactivates the molecule and can cause increased photosensitivity reactions when retinol-treated skin is exposed to sunlight without adequate protection. Applying retinol at night allows it to work during the skin's natural repair and regeneration cycle without UV interference. In the morning, apply a broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen to protect the newly sensitized skin. La Roche-Posay Redermic R notes that morning use is technically possible with subsequent sunscreen application, but nighttime application remains the clinical standard for maximum efficacy and safety.

Can you use retinol with vitamin C or niacinamide in the same routine?

Retinol and vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) should not be applied in the same step. Vitamin C is most effective at low pH levels while retinol works optimally at a higher pH - combining them reduces the efficacy of both and increases combined irritation potential. The standard protocol is vitamin C serum in the morning (paired with SPF) and retinol at night. Niacinamide is an entirely different case: it is fully compatible with retinol, actively reduces the redness and irritation that retinol causes, and works synergistically to strengthen the barrier. Products like CeraVe Resurfacing Retinol Serum and Olay Regenerist Retinol 24 combine niacinamide with retinol in the same formula for exactly this reason.

How long does it take to see results from retinol creams?

Results depend heavily on the specific anti-aging goal. Skin texture smoothing and pore refinement are typically visible within 4–6 weeks of consistent use. Fine lines around the eyes, forehead, and mouth show measurable improvement in controlled studies at 12 weeks. Deeper wrinkles, nasolabial folds, and significant hyperpigmentation require 6+ months of consistent use to show meaningful change. Clinical research confirms that retinol's most dramatic structural results emerge between months 6 and 12 of continuous use. Consistency at a manageable frequency outperforms high-concentration products used erratically - the skin needs sustained signal, not periodic doses.

Is retinol safe to use during pregnancy or breastfeeding?

No - retinol and all retinoids are contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Even topical retinoid application involves systemic absorption at levels that create potential vitamin A toxicity risk to fetal development. This applies to all concentrations and all retinoid forms, including adapalene. Discontinue all retinoid use if you are pregnant, trying to conceive, or breastfeeding. Bakuchiol is the most evidence-supported safe alternative - a plant-derived compound with documented retinoid-receptor activity and anti-aging outcomes in controlled trials, with no known pregnancy safety concerns.

What is retinol purging and how do I know if I'm experiencing it?

Retinol purging occurs in the first 2–6 weeks of use when accelerated cell turnover forces existing clogged pores to the surface as active blemishes before they would naturally appear. It is most common in acne-prone skin types and in users who increase concentration or frequency rapidly. True purging is temporary - blemishes appear in areas you've already had clogged pores, resolve within 2–4 weeks, and leave noticeably clearer skin afterward. If new blemishes are appearing in locations you haven't experienced breakouts before, if they persist beyond 6 weeks, or if skin is persistently raw and inflamed rather than simply flaky, this is likely a sensitivity reaction rather than purging - reduce application frequency or switch to a lower concentration.

What is the difference between retinol, retinoid, retinaldehyde, and tretinoin?

All are forms of vitamin A but differ in potency, conversion pathway, and availability. Retinol is the OTC standard - skin enzymes must convert it to retinaldehyde, then to retinoic acid (two conversion steps), which reduces effective potency but also irritation. Retinaldehyde (retinal) requires only one conversion step to retinoic acid - measurably more potent than retinol, less irritating than tretinoin, and available OTC in a small number of specialty products. Tretinoin is prescription-only retinoic acid - directly active, requiring no conversion, making it significantly more potent and irritating than any OTC option. Adapalene (Differin) is a synthetic retinoid that bypasses the conversion pathway entirely by binding retinoid receptors directly - it is the only OTC prescription-strength retinoid, available without a prescription in the United States since 2016.